Vitamin A

Vitamin A

What is vitamin A?1

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays important roles in maintaining normal vision, reproduction and immune function. The term vitamin A refers to preformed vitamin A (found only in animal products) and it's components termed provitamin A carotenoids (found in oils, fruits, and vegetables).

Benefits of vitamin A1

Supports healthy immune function.

Supports eye function.

Supports reproductive health.

Recommended dietary intake of vitamin A1

Age groupVitamin A (μg/day)
1–3 years300
4–8 years400
9–13 years600
14–18 years900 (boys);
700 (girls)
19–70 years900 (boys);
700 (girls)
Pregnancy800
Lactation1100

Sources of vitamin A

Natural sources of vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids include:2

  • Leafy green vegetables
  • Orange and yellow vegetables
  • Tomatoes
  • Red capsicum
  • Rockmelon
  • Mango
  • Beef liver
  • Fish oils
  • Milk
  • Eggs

These nutrients may also be found in fortified foods such as:2

  • Cereals
  • Juices
  • Dairy products

Provitamin A carotenoids are found in plant-based foods.1

Pre-formed vitamin A is found in animal-based products.1

Signs and consequences of vitamin A deficiency2

Whilst quite rare in Western countries, people with conditions that cause malabsorption such as Chron's disease may lead to vitamin A deficiency. Other conditions including malnutrition, self-restrictive diets, cirrhosis, alcoholism and cystic fibrosis can also contribute to vitamin A deficiency.

Mild vitamin A deficiency is associated with symptoms including:

  • Fatigue
  • Increased risk of infection
  • Infertility

Severe vitamin A deficiency is associated with:

  • Severe dryness of the eye (xerophthalmia)
  • Night blindness (nyctalopia)
  • Patches on the white of the eyes
  • Dry skin or hair

Did you know?

Vitamin A impacts immune health by stimulating responses that protect your body from illnesses and infections.

Food for Special Medical Purposes. Use only under medical supervision.

References: 1. National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Government Department of Health Ageing, New Zealand Ministry of Health, Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council. (2006). 2. Harvard School of Public Health. The Nutrition Source – Vitamin A. Available at: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamin-a/. Accessed: September 2023.

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